How do you manage test data and environments across the full stack?

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Managing test data and environments across the full stack involves coordination between frontend, backend, and databases to ensure reliable, repeatable, and isolated testing.

1. Test Data Management

• Use Mock Data: For unit and frontend tests, mock API responses using tools like Mock Service Worker (MSW) or Jest mocks.

• Fixtures: Store predefined JSON or database fixtures to load consistent test data.

• Factories: Use libraries like Factory Boy (Python) or TestContainers (Java) to generate dynamic test data.

• Seed Scripts: For integration tests, use database seed scripts to populate known data before tests run.

2. Environment Configuration

• Environment Variables: Use .env files or config management tools (e.g., dotenv, Spring profiles) to separate dev, test, and prod settings.

• Dedicated Test Environments: Use separate databases and backend instances for testing to avoid interfering with development or production.

3. Isolation and Cleanup

• Transactional Tests: Roll back database changes after each test.

• Setup and Teardown Hooks: Use test lifecycle hooks (e.g., beforeEach, afterEach) to prepare and clean test data.

4. CI/CD Integration

• Spin up containers using Docker or TestContainers to simulate the full stack.

• Use tools like GitHub Actions, Jenkins, or GitLab CI to automate environment setup and data loading.

Effective test data and environment management ensures reliability, avoids flaky tests, and supports smooth automation across the stack.

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