What are severity and priority in bug tracking?

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In bug tracking, severity and priority are key attributes used to classify and manage software defects, but they represent different concerns:

Severity

Severity refers to the impact a bug has on the system’s functionality. It is typically assigned by testers based on how badly the bug affects the application.

  • Critical: Causes system crash or data loss; no workaround.

  • High: Major feature is broken; affects usability significantly.

  • Medium: Minor issue; some impact, but there's a workaround.

  • Low: Cosmetic or non-functional issue; does not affect functionality.

Severity answers: "How bad is the bug?"

Priority

Priority indicates how urgently the bug should be fixed. It’s usually set by project managers or developers, based on business needs and release timelines.

  • High: Must be fixed immediately; blockers for release.

  • Medium: Should be fixed soon, but not immediately.

  • Low: Can be fixed later; not time-sensitive.

Priority answers: "How soon should we fix it?"

Example

  • A typo on the homepage:

    • Severity: Low (cosmetic)

    • Priority: High (visible to all users, bad impression)

  • App crashes on login:

    • Severity: Critical

    • Priority: High

Summary

  • Severity = Technical impact

  • Priority = Business urgency
    Both help teams decide what to fix and when, ensuring efficient and effective bug resolution.

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